Myths of skiing injuries debunked by physician’s study.

Myths of skiing injuries debunked by physician's study.

The vivid images of wrecks disasters and injuries from the sport media are not real.

An article Doctor seeks to debunk skiing myths looks at a study published by Dr. Robert Johnson in the November/December issue of Sports Health. The study was titled Myths Concerning Alpine Skiing Injuries and authored by Robert J. Johnson, MD, Carl F. Ettlinger, Ettlinger, Ettlinger, MS and Jasper E. Shealy, PhD.

The results of this study even caught me off guard, and I have been studying the ski industry for more than twenty years. The study looked at twelve common myths in the industry.

1) "Skiing is among the most dangerous activities." The fatality rate makes it safer than driving a car and slightly more dangerous than riding a bicycle per million hours of exposure.

2) "Broken legs have been traded for blown-out knees." Knee injuries increasing and broken legs decreasing in skiing occurred at different times and are not related. See number 11 below for an interesting twist on this issue.

3) "All you need know is your DIN (release indicator value) number and you can adjust your bindings." There are four different factors used to determine the correct DIN, height, weight, skiing ability and boot sole length. Even knowing these may not be enough because how the boot fits into the binding is also critical.

4) "Toe and heel pieces must be set to the same Release Indicator Value or the bindings won't function right." No, see study 3 above.

5) "Formal ski instruction will make you safer. This is not true. However, every ski resort in the US argues with this result. Personally, I would have disagreed with this study if a ski lesson taught you how to fall, however, now I am confused based on study 9 below.

6) "The shorter the ski, the less torque is applied to the leg in a fall. Therefore, short skis don't need release bindings." There is a 3 to 20--fold increase in broken ankles and tibias from using short skis. You should use releasable bindings on these skis also.

7) "Young bones bend rather than break, so there's no point spending a lot of money on children's equipment." Children have the highest risk to equipment related injuries so properly functioning equipment is critical for them.

8) "When buying boots for children, leave plenty of room for fast-growing feet." If a child's boot does not foot there is an increased chance of a lower leg fracture. I think this is common sense.

9) "If you think you're going to fall, just relax and let it happen." This always seemed to work for me, however the study indicates differently. You should fall however, you should assume the position of a parachutist landing and tense your muscles and joints to stiffen and protect them.

10) "Exercise is the best way to avoid skiing-related injuries." This is going to mess up consumer magazines that constantly have articles on getting in shape for skiing. This does not mean that being in shape will not be a better skiing experience, it just will not change your chance of injury.

11) "Tighter standards that mandate lower release setting will reduce the risk of an ACL injury." This has been known in the industry for years and is one of the common misconceptions in the industry. Knee injuries are not related to your binding releasing or how your binding releases.

12) "Buying new ski equipment is safer than renting." Rental equipment is maintained. After skiing for ten days and driving to the slopes with your skis on top of your car if you do not have your skis and bindings checked you have a greater risk of an injury.

Robert J. Johnson, MD, Carl F. Ettlinger, MS and Jasper E. Shealy, PhD, are well known in the ski industry for their research into skiing industry injuries. Johnson and Shealy are the editors of the ASTM Skiing Trauma and Safety 17^th Volume, which is the standard of ski industry research.